Writing: Linking Words of Addition and concession- الدرس 5 بالدارجة - UNIT 1 Gateway to English 2 BAC

What are linking words?

 

Definition: Linking words are words or expressions that show logical relationships between clauses in a sentence, between sentences within a paragraph, or even between paragraphs.

They may convey different ideas such as addition, contrast, concession, time, reason, result, etc.‎

In this lesson, we are going to tackle two types of linking words: Addition and Concession.

Addition Linking words join ideas that are related to same topic. The list includes different linking items, such as: and, also, too, as well, not only … but also …, besides, Moreover, furthermore, additionally, in addition, etc.

Concession linking words are used to express opposition between two ideas. They include various items such as: But, Although, Though, However, etc.

Study the tables below:

Addition:

Linking words for Addition	Examples
and	Ahmed is a good student and he is very polite.
Also,	Ahmed is a good student. Also, he is very polite.
Besides,	Ahmed is a good student. Besides, he is very polite.
Not only...but also…	Ahmed is not only a good student but also very polite.
Too / as well.	Ahmed is a good student. He is very polite too/as well.
Moreover,	Ahmed is a good student. Moreover, he is very polite.
Furthermore,	Ahmed is a good student. Furthermore, he is very polite.
In addition,	Ahmed is a good student. In addition, he is very polite.

Concession:

Linking words for Concession	Examples
but	Ahmed is a good student but he is impolite.
Although / though	Although / though Ahmed is a good student, he is impolite.
However,	Ahmed is a good student. However, he is impolite.

Further explanations + examples:

Concession linking words:

Concession	Examples
but	·         I love playing football, but I hate basketball.
However,	·      She doesn’t like him. However, she helps him if he needs it. ·      I tried to lift the box. However, it was too heavy for me
Although	·      Although it was cold, we went to Ifrane. ·      Although he is poor in English, he does not work hard ·      Although the school is far away, Zahra attends all afternoon classes. ·      Although he is rich, Adil does not help the poor. ·      Although international organizations work hard, they can’t solve all the problems. ·      Although it was raining, we went out.
Though	·      Though the school is very far from her village, Fatima insists on attending all her lessons. ·      Though I liked the sweater, I decided not to buy it. ·      though I liked the sweater, I decided not to buy it. ·      Though Hamid was not offered a better position, he did a great job. ·      Though I have so many things to do, I’ll try to find some time to see you this afternoon

Addition linking words:

Addition	Examples
and	·         Peter is hardworking and intelligent.
also, besides,	·         Peter is hardworking. Also, he’s intelligent.        ·         Peter is hardworking. Besides, he’s intelligent.
too. as well.	·         Peter is hardworking. He’s intelligent too.       ·         Peter is hardworking. He’s intelligent as well.
not only …. but    also …	·         Peter is not only hardworking but also intelligent.
Moreover, Furthermore,	·         Peter is hardworking. Moreover, he’s intelligent.        ·         Peter is hardworking. Furthermore, he’s intelligent.
In addition, Additionally,	·         Peter is hardworking. In addition, he’s intelligent.        ·         Peter is hardworking. Additionally, he’s intelligent.

Sample paragraph where linking words are used:

Voluntary work is very important for the development of the society. For example, it is the best way to help people in need like orphans and poor children. Besides, this type of work helps youth to learn more and gain more experiences, especially when working in organizations. In addition, it teaches them how to be cooperative and helpful in society. Moreover (furthermore, also), voluntary work spreads love among communities.

More Examples related to” Women and Power” Unit:

·     Fouad is not only good at volleyball, but he is also a fantastic handball player.

·  Helen Keller was a woman of luminous intelligence, high ambition and great accomplishment. In addition, she devoted her life to helping others.

·     Moroccan women need education as well as health care.

·     Greenpeace works to preserve the environment. Besides, it is a non-profit organization.

·     Educated women have a big influence on society. Moreover, they contribute to the welfare of their families.

·     Educated women look after their houses. They also work outside their homes.

Practice:  Rewrite the following using the given linking words

Linking words exercises are meant to help students join sentences so as to improve their oral and written skills .They are also meant to help them get familiar with the types of questions they will find in the English National Exam.

1.    The marks are high. The students’ level is low.
Although………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………

2.    It was dark. He managed to find the keys.
Though…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….…………….

3.    He got up early. He arrived late to school.
………………………………………………………..…. . However, ………………………………………….…………….

4.    Tim is in good shape. He doesn’t get much exercise.
………………………………………………. but ………………………………………………………………….……………….

5.    Samira was sad. She kept smiling and having fun.
…………………………………….…………… . However, …………………………………………………...…………….

6.    She loves him. He treats her badly.
Though ………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………..……………….

7.  He didn’t work hard. He passed the baccalaureate exam.

    ……………………………………….………………… but …………………………………………………………………………