In
English, if you want to follow a verb with another action, you must use a
gerund or infinitive. For example:
- We resumed talking. (gerund – verb + ing)
- We resumed talking. (gerund – verb + ing)
-
I want to see
a movie. (infinitive – to + base verb)
There are certain verbs and
expressions that can only be followed by either gerund or infinitive,
but there are others that can be followed by both. Many of these verbs
and expressions are listed below.
I.
Remember:
Gerund: verb + ing (reading, writing, going, calling…)
Infinitive: To + verb (to go, to play,
to stay, to read, to call…)
II. Study the following chart:
Expressions & verbs followed by gerund
|
Verbs followed by
infinitive
|
Expressions followed by gerund or infinitive
|
Verbs:
Adore Enjoy Imagine
Admit Dislike Detest
Finish Keep Avoid
Consider Regret Suggest
Remember Miss
Spend
Appreciate
Expressions:
Can’t stand
Can’t resist
Be used to
Feel like/
insist on
Look forward
to
Good at/ Bad
at
Don’t mind/
Think about
|
Verbs:
Agree Ask
Manage
Choose Learn
Decide
Promise Hope
Intend
Expect Neglect
Need
Seem Plan Want
Afford Pretend
Wish
Appear Deserve
Prepare Struggle
Refuse Threaten
Wait Volunteer
|
Verbs:
Continue Begin
Start Remember
Hate Love
Like Prefer
Stop Try
Attempt Propose
Expressions:
can’t bear
can’t stand
|
III.
Practice
Put the verbs
in brackets in the correct form: Gerund or infinitive (full/ bare): 15
points
1- She is
good at ………………………………………………. chess. (play)
2-I believe
he wanted ……………….……............…. about their address. (ask)
3-Young
people should avoid ….…………...............…………. any drugs.
(take)
4- He
agreed………………………………………….…………… a new car. (buy)
5- The boy is
insisting on …………………….................……out with his brother. (go)
6- Yassin thinks about
……………………......……………. the exam tomorrow. (have)
7- I look forward to
…………………………………………. you at the weekend. (see)
8- We decided
……………………………………………………. through the forest. (run)
9- The teacher
expected Sarah …………….....…………………………………. hard. (study)
10- I don’t
want ……………………………......………….…. out tonight. I am too tired. (go)
11- The boy’s
father promised …………….............……… for the window to be repaired. (pay)
12- I have
enjoyed …………………… you. I hope ………………… you again soon. (meet / see)
13- It is a
nice day. Does anyone prefer ……………………………………………... for a walk? (go)
14- I’m not
in a hurry. I don’t mind …………………..………………………..…………….…. (wait)
15- We were
hungry, so I suggested ………………………...……………………. dinner early. (have)
IV.
Examples: Gerund and infinitive
Expressions followed by Gerund
|
I’m interested in …..
Would you mind….?
Is worth ….
To be fond of ..
To be afraid of..
Can’t bear../ can’t stand..
Look forward to …
Be used to ..
I feel like..
I’m sick of../tired of ..
Good at../ bad at..
Excited about..
|
I’m interested in learning Korean.
Would you mind lending me your car
this evening?
It’s a great movie. It’s
worth watching.
He is fond of collecting
stamps.
The baby is afraid of
being left alone.
I can’t bear watching
drama films. They are boring.
I look forward to hearing
from you soon.
I am used to driving
at night.
I don’t feel like doing
sports now. I’m very tired.
I’m tired of my
children not cleaning their rooms.
The child is good at
solving puzzles, but bad at playing with others.
I’m so excited about
going on an excursion next weekend.
|
Verbs followed by Gerund
|
Admit
Advise
Anticipate
Appreciate
Avoid
Complete
Consider
Dislike
Discuss
Enjoy
Finish
Involve
Justify
Mention
Recommend
Regret
Remember
Resist
Risk
Suggest
tolerate
|
The student admitted
cheating in the exam.
The teacher advises
coming early to class.
The woman anticipated
having problems with her neighbor based on her strange behavior.
I appreciated attending
to the lecture. I was beneficial.
He avoided answering
my question.
I completed listening
to the audio book.
Have you considered
joining a sports club?
She dislikes coming
late.
They discussed wearing
a blouse at school and agreed to wear it.
I enjoy going
fishing.
I have finished writing
the essay.
The quiz will involve
completing sentences based on a list.
How do you justify coming
this late?
The author mentions being
in that place in her book.
That university has a great
reputation. Everybody reccomended going to it.
I regret not taking
your advice. You were right.
I remember seeing
you at school the first day.
The teacher resisted
giving us the date of the pop quiz.
The employee risks losing
his job by not doing it properly.
I suggest making
a “to do” list before starting to work.
I can’t tolerate waiting
for my results.
|
Verbs followed by Infinitive
|
Afford
Agree
Appear
Arrange
Care
Decide
Deserve
Expect
Fail
Hesitate
Hope
Learn
Manage
Need
Offer
Plan
Prepare
Pretend
Promise
Refuse
Struggle
Threaten
Volunteer
Wait
Want
Wish
|
I can’t afford to
buy that phone. It’s too expensive.
She agreed to help
him.
This lesson appeared
to be easy, but it’s not.
They arranged to
meet at noon.
Would you care to
join our group?
After a lot of thinking, he decided
to join our group.
Every student deserves
to be listened to.
You are expected to
do your best at school.
He failed to come
to the meeting because his mother was sick.
She hesitated to
drive the car as it wasn’t hers.
I hope to hear
from you soon.
He learned to think
critically before making any judgement.
We woke up a little late, but
we managed to be there on time.
I need to talk
to you about something important.
He was kind and offered
to help.
I did not plan to
meet them, we met by chance.
He was not well prepared
to deliver the presentation. It didn’t go so well.
The victim pretended
to be dead so that the shooter doesn’t kill him.
I promise to meet
your expectations in this project.
I refuse to be
friends with racist people.
He struggled to
understand the lesson. It was very challenging.
The criminal threatened
to kill the victim.
Some students volunteered
to decorate their classroom.
We could not wait
to see the new look.
I want to be
the best that I can be.
Do you wish to
participate in this programme?
|
V.
Further Explanation:
Common verbs followed by a gerund:
Example: He misses playing with his friends.
·
abhor - acknowledge - admit - advise - allow - anticipate - appreciate - avoid - be worth
· can’t help - celebrate - confess - consider - defend - delay - detest - discontinue - discuss
· dislike - dispute - dread - endure - enjoy - escape - evade - explain - fancy - fear - feel like
· feign - finish - forgive - give up (stop) - keep (continue) - keep on - mention - mind (object to) - miss - necessitate - omit - permit - picture - postpone - practice - prevent - put off - recall
· recollect - recommend - report - resent - resist - resume - risk - shirk - shun - suggest - support - tolerate - understand - urge - warrant
Example: She threatened to quit if she didn't get a raise.
·
agree- appear - arrange - ask - attempt - beg - can/can’t afford - can/can’t wait - care -
· chance - choose - claim - come - consent - dare - decide - demand - deserve - determine -
· elect - endeavor - expect - fail - get - grow (up) - guarantee - hesitate - hope - hurry - incline -
· learn- manage - mean - need - neglect - offer - pay - plan - prepare - pretend - profess - refuse
·
prove - promise - remain - request - resolve - say - seek - seem - shudder - strive - struggle
· swear - tend -threaten - turn out - venture - volunteer - wait - want - wish - would like - yearn
Verbs followed by a gerund or infinitive with little to no change in
meaning:
Example: It started to
rain. / It started raining.
·
begin - hate - can’t bear - can’t stand - continue - like - love - prefer - propose - start
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