Monday, 24 June 2019

Gerund and Infinitive الدرس 1 بالدارجة - Grammar I UNIT 1 Gateway to English 2 BAC



In English, if you want to follow a verb with another action, you must use a gerund or infinitive.  For example:      
                             - We resumed talking.             (gerund – verb + ing)
                         - I want to see a movie.           (infinitive – to + base verb)

There are certain verbs and expressions that can only be followed by either gerund or infinitive, but there are others that can be followed by both. Many of these verbs and expressions are listed below.

   I.        Remember:

Gerund: verb + ing (reading, writing, going, calling…)
Infinitive: To + verb (to go, to play, to stay, to read, to call…)

 II.        Study the following chart:

Expressions & verbs followed by gerund
Verbs followed by
infinitive
Expressions followed by gerund or infinitive
Verbs:
Adore       Enjoy      Imagine
Admit       Dislike    Detest
Finish        Keep       Avoid
Consider    Regret    Suggest
Remember   Miss     Spend
Appreciate
Expressions:
Can’t stand
Can’t resist
Be used to
Feel like/ insist on
Look forward to
Good at/ Bad at
Don’t mind/ Think about
Verbs:
Agree     Ask       Manage
Choose   Learn    Decide
Promise   Hope    Intend
Expect    Neglect   Need
Seem       Plan        Want 
Afford     Pretend   Wish
Appear     Deserve   
Prepare    Struggle
Refuse     Threaten
Wait         Volunteer


Verbs:
Continue   Begin
Start          Remember
Hate           Love
Like           Prefer
Stop           Try
Attempt     Propose
Expressions:
can’t bear
can’t stand
        



III.        Practice

Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form: Gerund or infinitive (full/ bare): 15 points
1- She is good at ………………………………………………. chess. (play)
2-I believe he wanted ……………….……............…. about their address. (ask)
3-Young people should avoid ….…………...............…………. any drugs.  (take)
4- He agreed………………………………………….…………… a new car. (buy)
5- The boy is insisting on …………………….................……out with his brother. (go)
6- Yassin thinks about ……………………......……………. the exam tomorrow. (have)
7- I look forward to …………………………………………. you at the weekend. (see)
8- We decided ……………………………………………………. through the forest. (run)
9- The teacher expected Sarah …………….....…………………………………. hard. (study)
10- I don’t want ……………………………......………….…. out tonight. I am too tired. (go)
11- The boy’s father promised …………….............……… for the window to be repaired. (pay)
12- I have enjoyed …………………… you. I hope ………………… you again soon. (meet / see)
13- It is a nice day. Does anyone prefer ……………………………………………... for a walk? (go)
14- I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind …………………..………………………..…………….…. (wait)
15- We were hungry, so I suggested ………………………...……………………. dinner early. (have)

IV.        Examples: Gerund and infinitive



Expressions followed by Gerund
I’m interested in …..
Would you mind….?
Is worth ….
To be fond of ..
To be afraid of..
Can’t bear../ can’t stand..
Look forward to …
Be used to ..
I feel like..
I’m sick of../tired of ..
Good at../ bad at..
Excited about..
I’m interested in learning Korean.
Would you mind lending me your car this evening?
It’s a great movie. It’s worth watching.
He is fond of collecting stamps.
The baby is afraid of being left alone.
I can’t bear watching drama films. They are boring.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
I am used to driving at night.
I don’t feel like doing sports now. I’m very tired.
I’m tired of my children not cleaning their rooms.
The child is good at solving puzzles, but bad at playing with others.
I’m so excited about going on an excursion next weekend.



Verbs followed by Gerund

Admit
Advise
Anticipate
Appreciate
Avoid
Complete
Consider
Dislike
Discuss
Enjoy
Finish
Involve
Justify
 Mention
Recommend
Regret
Remember
Resist
Risk
Suggest
tolerate
The student admitted cheating in the exam.
The teacher advises coming early to class.
The woman anticipated having problems with her neighbor based on her strange behavior.
I appreciated attending to the lecture. I was beneficial.
He avoided answering my question.
I completed listening to the audio book.
Have you considered joining a sports club?
She dislikes coming late.
They discussed wearing a blouse at school and agreed to wear it.
I enjoy going fishing.
I have finished writing the essay.
The quiz will involve completing sentences based on a list.
How do you justify coming this late?
The author mentions being in that place in her book.
That university has a great reputation. Everybody reccomended going to it.
I regret not taking your advice. You were right.
I remember seeing you at school the first day.
The teacher resisted giving us the date of the pop quiz.
The employee risks losing his job by not doing it properly.
I suggest making a “to do” list before starting to work.
I can’t tolerate waiting for my results.




Verbs followed by Infinitive

Afford
Agree
Appear
Arrange
Care
Decide
Deserve
Expect
Fail
Hesitate
Hope
Learn
Manage
Need
Offer
Plan
Prepare
Pretend
Promise
Refuse
Struggle
Threaten
Volunteer
Wait
Want
Wish
I can’t afford to buy that phone. It’s too expensive.
She agreed to help him.
This lesson appeared to be easy, but it’s not.
They arranged to meet at noon.
Would you care to join our group?
After a lot of thinking, he decided to join our group.
Every student deserves to be listened to.
You are expected to do your best at school.
He failed to come to the meeting because his mother was sick.
She hesitated to drive the car as it wasn’t hers.
I hope to hear from you soon.
He learned to think critically before making any judgement.
We woke up a little late, but we managed to be there on time.
I need to talk to you about something important.
He was kind and offered to help.
I did not plan to meet them, we met by chance.
He was not well prepared to deliver the presentation. It didn’t go so well.
The victim pretended to be dead so that the shooter doesn’t kill him.
I promise to meet your expectations in this project.
I refuse to be friends with racist people.
He struggled to understand the lesson. It was very challenging.
The criminal threatened to kill the victim.
Some students volunteered to decorate their classroom.
We could not wait to see the new look.
I want to be the best that I can be.
Do you wish to participate in this programme?   

 V.        Further Explanation:

  Common verbs followed by a gerund:
Example: He misses playing with his friends.



·   abhor -  acknowledge - admit -  advise - allow - anticipate - appreciate - avoid - be worth 
·   can’t help -  celebrate -  confess - consider - defend - delay -  detest - discontinue - discuss
·   dislike - dispute - dread -  endure - enjoy - escape - evade - explain - fancy - fear - feel like
·   feign -  finish - forgive - give up (stop) - keep (continue) - keep on - mention - mind (object to) - miss - necessitate - omit - permit - picture - postpone - practice - prevent - put off -  recall 
·   recollect - recommend - report - resent -   resist - resume - risk - shirk - shun - suggest - support - tolerate - understand -  urge -  warrant

 Common verbs followed by an infinitive:
Example: She threatened to quit if she didn't get a raise.


·   agree- appear - arrange -  ask - attempt -  beg -   can/can’t afford - can/can’t wait - care - 
·   chance - choose - claim - come -  consent - dare - decide -  demand - deserve - determine - 
·  elect  - endeavor - expect - fail - get - grow (up) - guarantee -  hesitate - hope - hurry - incline -
·   learn- manage - mean - need - neglect - offer - pay - plan - prepare - pretend - profess - refuse
·   prove -  promise - remain - request -  resolve - say - seek - seem - shudder - strive - struggle 
·   swear - tend -threaten - turn out - venture - volunteer - wait - want - wish -   would like - yearn


Verbs followed by a gerund or infinitive with little to no change in meaning:

Example: It started to rain. / It started raining.


·   begin - hate - can’t bear - can’t stand - continue - like - love - prefer - propose - start

  





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