A request is an act of politely or
formally asking someone to do you a favor or for something. It’s important to
be polite when doing so. Making and responding to a request can be done in
different ways. The following lines will show you how.
Expressions to make and respond to requests:
Making request
Responding to
request
Accepting
Declining/refusing
- Would you + infinitive…..,
please?
- Would you mind+ gerund ….., please?
- Do you mind+ gerund
………………?
- Can I + infinitive………………..……?
- Could you + infinitive ……….………..?
- Do you think you could + infinitive ……?
- I wonder if you could + infinitive …….. . - I would be grateful if you could/would + infinitive...
-Sure, of course
-Certainly.
-That’ll be fine.
-Sure, no problem.
-Sure, don’t worry!
-Yes, that’s fine.
-Yes, sure!
-With pleasure!
- Certainly not
-No. I’m afraid I
can’t.
- No. I’m so sorry.
- Sorry, I can’t.
Practice:
Read the
following situations and play the suggested role with your partner using
expressions from the table above:
1.You are at the
school administration to ask about your sister’s/ brother’s school results.
Don’t
You: ………..……………………………………………………………………………………………
The principal……………………………………………………………………………………………
2.You are staying
at a hotel and you are phoning the reception to ask them to send someone to
take some dirty linen to the laundry.
(linen are sheets that cover beds)
You:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
The receptionist………………………………………………………………………………………..
3.You need money
to repair your motorcycle, so you ask your friend to lend you some.
You:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Your friend: ……………………………………………………………………………………………
4.You are sitting
next to a passenger on the train and then you decide to ask her/ him for a
newspaper she/ he has just finished reading.
You:
…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
The passenger:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Definition:Collocations
refer to two or more words that are often used together in a way that sound
natural and correct. Example:Fast foodNOTQuick
food.
Notice that these
collocates must be in the same order.Ex: School
subject NOT Subject school.
Collocations
must be remembered by heart in order for you to be able to use them correctly.
Collocations related to education:
Pic here
Practice:
Match the words in column A with
the words in column B to form appropriate collocations: (There may be
more than one possibility for some collocations).
P.S.The
key is provided to you at the bottom of the page but try to work on the
exercise first!
Cultural heritage - Cultural diversity-Culture shock-Deeply rooted-Civic education-Common good-Moral obligations-Global citizen-Artistic heritage-Table manners-Cultural tolerance-Civil rights-
Unit 3: The Gifts of
Youth
Narrow minded-Old fashioned-Hard-working-Generation gap
Unit 4: Women and Power
High status-Family code-Equal pay-Leadership style-Patriarchal society-Annual conference-Fight for equality-Have a say-Join efforts-Enjoy the same rights
Tell a joke-Play a trick-Burst into laughter-Sense of humor-Artistic talent-Facial grimaces-Full of joy-Make fun of-
Unit 7: Citizenship
Active citizen-Voluntary work-Non-governmental organizations-Community service- National anthem-Moral obligation-Human rights-Membership card-Lost faith-Trade union
Unit 8: Brain Drain
Low pay-Attract attention-Skilled workers-High technology-Developed countries-Racial discrimination-Political instability-Technical assistance-Money transfer-Rapid rate-Job opportunities- Human resources- Higher education- Host countries-Bridge the gap- Earn a living-Fulfill a dream-Feel homesick-Squander money
Education is
the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs,
and habits.Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and
directed research. Education frequently
takes place under the guidance of educators; however, learners may also educate
themselves. Education can be formal,
informal or non-formal.
What are the differences
between formal and informal education?
A formal education means
what you learned in school with
an accredited certificate or degree will be given at the end.Informal education means
what you learned from experience or
by studying on your own initiative.
Formal education is the
structured system of learning provided or overseen by a local or national
government body for its citizens. Generally speaking, a person's formal
education begins at nursery or kindergarten and may stretch on through
University. Non-formal education is learning acquired independently through
non-academic means. It can either mean that you are self-taught through your
own reading and research, or through experience.
As for Non-formal education,
it is an instruction that is not obligatory and structured and is learned
outside the context of a formal school. (extra hours – learning other
languages, evening classes without expecting to be given an accredited or an
official certificate).
Vocabulary:
Education: The
process of teaching or learning in a school or college, or the knowledge that
you get from this.
Educational systems: are
established to provide education and training, often for children and the
young. "The educational system in most underdeveloped countries needs to
be reformed."
Educational goals: Each
country identifies the educational goals to be achieved by its educational
system.
Educational
background: Past experience in education. To become an engineer in
Electronics you need to have a scientific
educational background.
School subject: A
course or area of study: mathematics, English, French, physics…are school
subjects. "Math is her best subject."
School year: The
school year starts in September and ends in June
School uniform: It is
obligatory that students wear school uniforms in some schools.
Private lessons: Some
students need private lessons to keep up with their mates in learning some
school subjects.
Private schools: Students
who go to private schools pay fees.
University graduate: A
person who holds a university or college degree. University graduates find
difficulties getting jobs these days.
University degree: An
academic title given by a college or university to a student who has completed
a course of study: "You go to university to get a university degree."
"Bachelor of Arts degree."
Learning needs: Learners
should identify their learning needs in order to get the appropriate learning.
Learning strategies: Learning
strategies (or study skills) are
techniques used to proceed in your own learning.
Learning goals: are
the target behaviour a learner attains through his learning experience.
Adult illiteracy: is a
major concern for any development.
Adult education: is the
practice of teaching and educating adults. It has become common in many
countries. It takes on many forms, ranging from formal class-based learning to
self-directed learning. There are more than 800 million adults that cannot read
or write. Adult education usually takes place in the evening.
Formal education: results
from a program of instruction in an educational institution leading to a
qualification / certification.
Informal education: occurs
in daily work, leisure or family.
Non-formal education: results
from a program but it is not usually evaluated and doesn't lead to
certification.
Basic Education: refers
to the whole range of educational activities taking place in various settings
(formal, non formal and informal), that aim to meet basic learning needs.
According to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED),
basic education comprises primary education (first stage of basic education)
and lower secondary education (second stage). In countries (developing
countries in particular), Basic Education often includes also pre-primary
education and/or adult literacy programs .Universal basic education is regarded
as a priority for developing countries
" Every citizen should acquire at least a basic education to be able to
read and write."
Primary Education: Primary
(or elementary) education consists of the first years of formal, structured
education. In general, primary education consists of six or seven years of
schooling starting at the age of 5 or 6, although this varies between, and
sometimes within, countries.
Secondary Education: In
most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists
of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is
characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive
primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary,
"post-secondary", or "higher" education (e.g.,university, vocationalschool)
for adults.[At high schools students get secondary education.
Higher education: also
called tertiary,
third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational
level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education,
such as a high school, secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken
to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational
education and training. Colleges and universities are
the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are
sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results
in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.
In
English, if you want to follow a verb with another action, you must use a
gerund or infinitive. For example: -
We resumed talking. (gerund – verb + ing)
-
I want to see
a movie. (infinitive – to + base verb)
There are certain verbs and
expressions that can only be followed by either gerund or infinitive,
but there are others that can be followed by both. Many of these verbs
and expressions are listed below.
I.Remember:
Gerund: verb + ing (reading, writing, going, calling…)
Infinitive: To + verb (to go, to play,
to stay, to read, to call…)
II.Study the following
chart:
Expressions & verbs followed by gerund
Verbs followed by
infinitive
Expressions followed by gerund or infinitive
Verbs:
AdoreEnjoyImagine
AdmitDislikeDetest
FinishKeepAvoid
ConsiderRegretSuggest
RememberMissSpend
Appreciate
Expressions: Can’t stand
Can’t resist
Be used to
Feel like/
insist on
Look forward
to
Good at/ Bad
at
Don’t mind/
Think about
Verbs:
Agree AskManage
ChooseLearnDecide
PromiseHopeIntend
ExpectNeglectNeed
SeemPlanWant
AffordPretendWish
AppearDeserve
PrepareStruggle
RefuseThreaten
WaitVolunteer
Verbs:
ContinueBegin
StartRemember
HateLove
LikePrefer
StopTry
AttemptPropose
Expressions:
can’t bear
can’t stand
III.Practice
Put the verbs
in brackets in the correct form: Gerund or infinitive (full/ bare): 15
points
1- She is
good at ………………………………………………. chess. (play)
2-I believe
he wanted ……………….……............…. about their address. (ask)
3-Young
people should avoid ….…………...............…………. any drugs.(take)
4- He
agreed………………………………………….…………… a new car. (buy)
5- The boy is
insisting on …………………….................……out with his brother. (go)
6- Yassin thinks about
……………………......……………. the exam tomorrow. (have)
7- I look forward to
…………………………………………. you at the weekend. (see)
8- We decided
……………………………………………………. through the forest. (run)
9- The teacher
expected Sarah …………….....…………………………………. hard. (study)
10- I don’t
want ……………………………......………….…. out tonight. I am too tired. (go)
11- The boy’s
father promised …………….............……… for the window to be repaired. (pay)
12- I have
enjoyed …………………… you. I hope ………………… you again soon. (meet / see)
13- It is a
nice day. Does anyone prefer ……………………………………………... for a walk? (go)
14- I’m not
in a hurry. I don’t mind …………………..………………………..…………….…. (wait)
15- We were
hungry, so I suggested ………………………...……………………. dinner early. (have)
IV.Examples: Gerund and infinitive
Expressions followed by Gerund
I’m interested in …..
Would you mind….?
Is worth ….
To be fond of ..
To be afraid of..
Can’t bear../ can’t stand..
Look forward to …
Be used to ..
I feel like..
I’m sick of../tired of ..
Good at../ bad at..
Excited about..
I’m interested in learning Korean.
Would you mind lending me your car
this evening?
It’s a great movie. It’s
worth watching.
He is fond of collecting
stamps.
The baby is afraid of
being left alone.
I can’t bear watching
drama films. They are boring.
I look forward to hearing
from you soon.
I am used to driving
at night.
I don’t feel like doing
sports now. I’m very tired.
I’m tired of my
children not cleaning their rooms.
The child is good at
solving puzzles, but bad at playing with others.
I’m so excited about
going on an excursion next weekend.
Verbs followed by Gerund
Admit
Advise
Anticipate
Appreciate
Avoid
Complete
Consider
Dislike
Discuss
Enjoy
Finish
Involve
Justify
Mention
Recommend
Regret
Remember
Resist
Risk
Suggest
tolerate
The student admitted
cheating in the exam.
The teacher advises
coming early to class.
The woman anticipated
having problems with her neighbor based on her strange behavior.
I appreciated attending
to the lecture. I was beneficial.
He avoided answering
my question.
I completed listening
to the audio book.
Have you considered
joining a sports club?
She dislikes coming
late.
They discussed wearing
a blouse at school and agreed to wear it.
I enjoy going
fishing.
I have finished writing
the essay.
The quiz will involve
completing sentences based on a list.
How do you justify coming
this late?
The author mentions being
in that place in her book.
That university has a great
reputation. Everybody reccomended going to it.
I regret not taking
your advice. You were right.
I remember seeing
you at school the first day.
The teacher resisted
giving us the date of the pop quiz.
The employee risks losing
his job by not doing it properly.
I suggest making
a “to do” list before starting to work.
I can’t tolerate waiting
for my results.
Verbs followed by Infinitive
Afford
Agree
Appear
Arrange
Care
Decide
Deserve
Expect
Fail
Hesitate
Hope
Learn
Manage
Need
Offer
Plan
Prepare
Pretend
Promise
Refuse
Struggle
Threaten
Volunteer
Wait
Want
Wish
I can’t afford to
buy that phone. It’s too expensive.
She agreed to help
him.
This lesson appeared
to be easy, but it’s not.
They arrangedto
meet at noon.
Would you care to
join our group?
After a lot of thinking, he decided
to join our group.
Every student deserves
to be listened to.
You are expected to
do your best at school.
He failed to come
to the meeting because his mother was sick.
She hesitated to
drive the car as it wasn’t hers.
I hope to hear
from you soon.
He learned to think
critically before making any judgement.
We woke up a little late, but
we managed to be there on time.
I need to talk
to you about something important.
He was kind and offered
to help.
I did not plan to
meet them, we met by chance.
He was not well prepared
to deliver the presentation. It didn’t go so well.
The victim pretended
to be dead so that the shooter doesn’t kill him.
I promise to meet
your expectations in this project.
I refuse to be
friends with racist people.
He struggled to
understand the lesson. It was very challenging.
The criminal threatened
to kill the victim.
Some students volunteered
to decorate their classroom.
